It's in RFC 1035 Domain Implementation and Specification:
2.3.4. Size limits
Various objects and parameters in the DNS have size limits. They are
listed below. Some could be easily changed, others are more
fundamental.
labels 63 octets or less
names 255 octets or less
In this case, a SLD is a label, the FQDN including dots is a name.
Regards,
Andreas Schachtner